混交林的多样性及其光肩星天牛的抗性研究

应用DTV技术和理论 ,采用丰富度指数DMa、多样性指数H、均匀度指数JSW 及随林分中抗虫或感虫木比率由高到低变化时林分多样性指数累加值DV,分析人工混交林的多样性测度阈值与光肩星天牛危害率的关系。研究表明 ,多树种的人工混交林具有明显的抵抗蛀干害虫为害的能力 ,但混交林的抗虫力与所选配树种的抗性、抗性树种在混交林中所占的比率有关。当给定混交林分的树种数后 ,光肩星天牛的危害率PZ 与林分的多样性指数累加值DV 的关系符合Logistic模型 ;该模型中的系数a是林分本身的多样性测度值的起始位置 ,随树种数的增多a值具有稳定的增长规律 ;系数rm 的新意是混交林分对光肩星天牛扩大危害的阻力、即潜在的抗虫能力 ,rm 随林分中树种数的增多具有显著增大的趋势。林分的最大多样性测度值KDMa 、Kh、KJsw 也具有相同的变化规律。在 4～7个树种组成的系列混交林内 ,林分的多样性测度阈值DTV随树种数的增加而增高 ,但被害率极值Lvp反而降低。上述规律的意义还在于 ,随混交林中树种数的增加 ,设计或改造现有感虫林时选择树种的余地也增大。     

临安昌化常绿阔叶林群落生物多样性初步研究

通过样地法对临安昌化的常绿阔叶林群落进行调查,主要调查乔木层和灌木层的结构,计算分析各群落的乔木层、灌木层的重要值,乔木层的物种多样性指数。对草本层取小样方进行调查测量,了解草本层的植物构成并计算了草本层的盖度。分析临安昌化常绿阔叶林的群落结构后认为,该常绿阔叶林属顶级群落,具重点保护价值。     

韦塔桉种源多性状综合评价及育种值的估算

6个韦塔桉种源生长性状、形质性状的差异和遗传分析结果表明：种源间各性状的差异极显著,种源层次各性状遗传力为68．65％～93．45％,单株层次各性状遗传力为42．20％～82．63％,呈中等至强度遗传;除干形与保存率外,生长性状与形质性状均呈紧密的正相关。4．5年生时17831种源生长最优,平均单株材积达0．08970m^3,比生长最劣的种源增加85．87％,17834种源形质指标最优,成活率与保存率最高。经综合评价,17834、17831和17835为较好种源。估算了6个种源的各个性状的育种值。     

武夷山自然保护区森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

使用市场价格替代法、机会成本法和影子工程价格法等评估方法,对武夷山自然保护区森林涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固碳制氧、休闲游憩等服务功能进行了初步估算。得出该地区森林生态系统的涵养水源价值为2.28亿元.a-1、保持土壤价值为0.76亿元.a-1、固碳制氧价值为2.20亿元.a-1、净化空气价值为1.76亿元.a-1、休闲游憩价值为6.34亿元.a-1。森林生态系统服务功能的总价值为13.34亿元.a-1。     

Trees and windbreaks in the Sahel: establishment,growth, nutritive,and calorific values

Tree and windbreak species considered for the Southern Sahelian Zone (SSZ) of West Africa have to be evaluated following multiple criteria such as fast establishment, shelter efficiency, production of feed for livestock, and firewood. An on-station experiment was conducted on a sandy soil in southwest Niger between 1988 and 1993 to assess the establishment, growth, nutritive, and calorific values of seven species considered for windbreaks:Andropogon gayanus, Bauhinia rufescens, Acacia holosericea, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegal, Faidherbia albida, andAzadirachta indica. Mortality and stem diameter were monitored twice a year. From 20 months after planting (MAP) onwards, species were annually trimmed to 2 m height and to 1 m sidewards of the main stem. Fresh and dry weight of leaves, twigs, wood, and fruits were recorded. Leaves were analyzed for crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) content. Wood was analyzed for its gross calorific value and its ash content. At 56 MAP, all species had less than 5% morality, except forA. holosericea, which had a mortality rate of 15.9%.A. indica andA. holosericea showed the highest stem diameter among species with 12.2 and 11.8 cm, respectively, at 56 MAP.A. senegal had the highest dry matter production with 22.3 t ha^–1 at 56 MAP, followed byA. indica (12.0 t ha^–1),A. holosericea (11.7 t ha^–1) andB. rufescens (11.2 t ha^–1), butA. holosericea was most productive at earlier harvests. OnlyA. senegal (6.4 t ha^–1) andA. indica (5.1 t ha^–1) had a significant wood production, whereasA. holosericea (5.7 t ha^–1) had the highest phyllodes production. Leaves ofA. senegal andA. indica had highest CP contents of 258 and 214 g kg^–1, respectively. The leaves of all species exceptA. gayanus had a higher CP:ME ratio than natural pasture in the region. The calorific values of firewood did not differ significantly among the species.A. nilotica, the species with one of the lowest firewood production, had the highest Fuelwood Value Index of 6.6. The choice of species for planting trees and windbreaks in the SSZ must be oriented along these criteria. Further research should be directed towards cost-benefit analyses, land tenure and property rights in combination with surveys on local knowledge of rural people.     

达里诺尔国家级自然保护区游憩服务功能价值评估

对自然资源价值的评估是监测自然资源的保护与可持续开发利用效果的理论基础。文章以内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗达里诺尔国家级自然保护区为研究对象,运用旅行费用法对达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的游憩服务功能进行了价值评估,计算出其游憩总价值为7517万元。这一结果可为达里诺尔国家级自然保护区的资源决策和资源补偿提供一定的参考。     

温室效应对红桦泡囊丛枝菌根侵染率和侵染强度的影响

本试验以红桦（Betulaalbo-sinensis）为材料，研究不同处理条件下，AMF侵染率和侵染强度的变化规律。结果表明：（1）在自然状态下，AMF的侵染率和侵染强度高；（2）光照强度可提高AMF的侵染率和侵染强度；（3）温度升高和二氧化碳浓度倍增加强AMF的侵染强度；（4）温度差值在4℃～7℃时对AMF侵染率有促进作用；（5）温度差值在2℃～4℃和二氧化碳浓度倍增对AMF侵染率夏季起抑制作用，秋季起促进作用；（6）从夏季到秋季，AMF侵染率下降，而二氧化碳浓度倍数却使AMF侵染率上升。     

新体制下我国城市交通规划工作者所面临的任务

市场经济的迅速发展,推动了城市的发展。作为城市规划重要组成部分的交通规划工作内容亦日益广泛。由于我国的交通规划学科是在计划经济模式下发展起来的,而市场经济的兴起不仅使整个社会生活面貌发生了巨变,也给交通规划创造了新的课题。本文就此问题探讨了城市交通规划师在社会主义市场经济条件下应当注意的一些问题。     

A Danish example of optimal thinning strategies in mixed-species forest under changing growth conditions caused by climate change

In this study, we analyse the economic and managerial aspects of option values related to having a mixed-species stand. As an example, we look at a mixed Norway spruce and Sitka spruce stand in Denmark when timing and intensity of future climate, and its effect on tree growth, are uncertain. Assuming that tree growth follows a discrete non-stationary stochastic process, we use dynamic programming to optimise the harvest distribution between the two species.

The results show that facing growth uncertainty caused by potential climate change implies an option value. Such uncertainty can be a potential advantage as long as we are able to maintain flexibility, keep decisions open, and there is a chance that climatic change will benefit some species. We analyse the model under different uncertainty assumptions and show that the larger changes we expect, the higher is the option value at any time during the stand’s life and, hence, we keep, on average, both tree species in the stand for a longer period of time. Moreover, we find that the adjustments may take place rather late in the rotation, a result brought about by the significance of the option value, which makes it optimal to maintain a reasonable stocking of both species.     

5种不同品系相思木材的化学性质 Ⅱ.pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量

对5种相思树人工林木材的pH值和酸、碱缓冲容量的研究结果表明：5种相思树人工林木材之间pH值变异较小，其pH值在4．8～5．9之间；厚荚相思木材心材、边材之间pH值变化较大；木材的酸缓冲容量在2．7～8．35mL范围，碱缓冲容量在21．05～42．00mL范围内变化；5种相思树人工林木材的酸、碱缓冲容量的变化曲线变化趋势大体相同。